Haircloth-loom.



G. S. 00X.

HAIRGLOTH LOOM.

APPLIoA'rIoN FILED Nov. 1a, 1969.

1,026,430. Patentedmaymwlz.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPM co..wA'smNuroN. n. c.

G. S. COX.

HAIRCLOTH LOOM.

APYLIOATION FILED NOV. 13, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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WEA/70H M wwe/5K @7%- Chw y MM? 4MM? cOLuMllA PLANOOHAPN Co., WASHINGTON. D. n.

Patented May 14, 1912.

G. S. COX.

l HAIRGLO'IH LOOM. APPLIOATIQN FILED Nov.13, 1909.

1,026,430. Patented May 14, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'w/rwssEs: FIG I3 /wE/vro/r CULUMUIA PLANDOIIAPM co.. WASHINGTON. n4 c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE S. COX, OF EDGE HILL, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND WALTER S. COX, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, TRADING AS GEORGE S. COX AND BROTHER.

HAIRCLOTH-LOOM.

To all whom t may concern h Be it known that I, GEORGE S. Cox, a citlzen of the United States, residing at Edge yHill, county of Montgomery, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Haircloth-Looms, of which the following is a full, clear, and eX- act description7 reference being had to the `accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to looms, and particularly to that type of loom adapted to the manufacture of hair-cloth and similar goods, wherein the weft is prepared in sepa- 'each end or at one end by means of which picks of hair are pulled from one side to the other of the loom at each reciprocation or semi-reciprocation of the nipper across the reed.

The object of the invention is to provide means for imparting to the nipper a differential movement comprising a gradual retardation at the end of each traverse and a gradual acceleration at the beginning of each traverse, whereby two useful results may be obtained: first, the gripping aws of the nipper being substantially stationary at the time the hair is grasped by the aws, the hair will be grasped with more certainty than in the ordinary hair-cloth loom; secondly, the speed of travel of the nippel' while it is traveling through the warp-shed may greatly exceed the speed that can safely be imparted to the ordinary nipper, more than overcoming the loss of speed at the ends of the nippers traverse, thereby increasing the productive capacity of the loom.

The invention also has for its object to provide means whereby the strain on the cord or chain connecting the immediate driving mechanism and the shuttle, due to the constant change of speed and direction of the same, may be relieved and also to provide means for reducing the wear between the shuttle-engaging devices carried by the cord or chain and the shuttle.

Certain of the loom parts and attachments are omitted from the drawings, as they are not necessary to illustrate my invention.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led November 13, 1909.

Patented May 14, 1912.

Serial No. 527,792.

In the drawings: Figure l is a section through the loom, showing a front view of the part of the loom embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is an enlarged front vView of the shuttle and a portion of the lay and driving chain; Fig. 4 is an enlarged section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a side view of a section of the driving chain; Figs. G, 7, 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views showing successive relative positions of the shuttle and driving mechanism; Fig. 10 is a detail View of a part of the eccentric cam pulley; and Fig. l1 is a front view of a modified driving means for the eccentric cam pulley.

10 is the loom frame; 11 the reed; l2 the lay carrying trunnions 13 by means of which the lay is pivoted in bearings 14 in the loom frame.

17 is the crank-shaft carrying cranks 18 and links 19, by means of which the lay is reciprocated.

Secured to the shaft 17 is a gear Q0 in driving engagement with a gear 2l, secured to an auxiliary shaft 22 turning in bearings on the loom frame. On the shaft 22 is a bevel gear 23 in driving engagement with a bevel gear 24 on a shaft 25 turning in bearings on a stand 15. On the shaft 25 is a crank 26, to which is attached a rack-bar 27 engaging a pinion 28 on a shaft 29 turning in bearings on a stand 1G. On the shaft Q9 is loosely sleeved a frame 30 in which turn a pair of idler rollers 3l engaging the face of the rack-bar opposite its toothed face and adapted to hold the rack in driving engagement with the pinion. On the shaft 29 is an eccentric cam or pulley 32, provided with two peripheral grooves 33, 34.

35 is a flexible connection, which may conveniently be an ordinary sprocket chain, opposite ends of which are adapted to wind more or less about the cam 32 within the grooves 33 and 34 respectively. Each chain end is passed through a radially extending hole in the cam to a cut-away part thereof and is there secured to the end of a threaded bolt 37, the bolt extending through a flange on an angle plate 38 secured to the cam.

39 is an adjusting nut and 40 a holding nut engaging the bolt on opposite sides of said flange. The opposite ends of the chain 35 extend from the cam toward opposite sides of the loom respectively; one end extending over the roller 41, under and partly around the roller 42 and over and partly around the roller 43; while the other end engages, in a similar manner, the rollers 44, 45 and 46. The middle part of the chain extends along a groove 47 formed' in the upper face of the lay beneath the shuttle race. The nipper or shuttle 50 is of the type having a pair of jaws at each end by means of which picks of hair are pulled from each side of the loom to the other side at each movement of the nipper or shuttle transversely of the warp-shed. The shuttle is driven by substantially the same means set forth in Letters Patent No. 931,27 Gissued to me August 17, 1909, which means will now be briey described.

The central part of the groove 47, or that part underlying the warp shed, is of substantially greater depth than the end parts of the groove, and the groove slopes upward from its central portion to each end portion. rlhe chain 35 is provided with three pro-jections 5l, 52 and 53 extending from the outer face of the belt and the shuttle 50 has formed in its lower side three recesses 54, 55 and 56 adapted to be engaged respectively by the projections 51, 52 and 53 on the chain. Each projection has a flange 57 sliding in an undercut part 58 of the groove. The upper wall of this cut-away portion of the groove acts as a cam guide to withdraw each projection from the corresponding orifice Lin the shuttle at about the time that such projection starts to travel under the warp shed and to engage suclrprojection with such orifice at about the time such projection travels beyond the warp shed.

It'will be observed that the lay is reciprocated once at each rotation of the shaft 17, that the gear 21 is twice the diameter of the gear 20, and that the bevel gears 23 and 24 are of equal size. Thepinion 28 is of such size that it makes one complete revolution for each semi-reciprocation of the rack 27, so that the cam 32, at each oscillation in either direction, makes a complete revolution. Consequently, at each beat of the lay, the cam 32 makes a complete revolution.

The ends of the chain 35 are secured to thatv part of the cam corresponding to its smallest radius. Assuming now that the 'shuttle is at the extreme right, the crank 26 is at its dead center, the end of the chain 35 extending to the right is wound completely about the periphery of the cam 32, while the end of the chain extending to the Vleft extends around no part of the cams periphery, as shown in Fig. 6. At this time the rack 27 pinion 28, shaft 29, and cam 32 have completed their reciprocating movement in one direction and are about to reverse and therefore have, at least theoretically, momentarily stopped. AS the crank 26 continues to rotate, it imparts a continuously p accelerated movement to the rack 27 pinion 23, shaft 29 and cam 32 until the crank completes a. quarter turn, as shown in Fig. 7. During this movement of the crank, the cam 32 has described half a revolution, and the end of the chain 35 extending to the left has been wound half way around its periphery, bringing the shuttle into a central position within'the warp shed, while the other end of the chain has been half unwound. The speed with which the chain is thus wound about the cam is constantly accelerated, not only by reason of the constant acceleration of the angular speed of the cam, but also by reason of the fact that in the rotation of the cam, successive points in the length of the chain away from its point of attachment to the cam engage points on the periphery of the cam successively more andmore removed from its center of rotation. In other words, if the cam had a constant angular speed, successively greater lengths of chain would be' wound upon the cam in successive equal periods of time. Thus two factors coperate to accelerate the speed of the shuttle in its movement from one end of its traverse to the middle of its traverse. As the crank continues to rotate, it imparts a continuously retarded movement to the cam 32 until the crank completes another quarter turn, as shown in Fig. 8. During this movement of the crank, the cam has described another semi-revolution, the end of the chain extending to the left has been wound completely around its periphery, the end of the chain extending to the right has been completely unwound, and the shuttle has moved to the extreme left. By reason of the movement of retardation imparted to the cam 32, and also by reason of the fact that in the rotation of the cam, successive points in the length of the chain engage points on the periphery of the cam successively nearer its center of rotation, the speed of the chain and shuttle is being constantly retarded until it momentarily stops at the end of its traverse. As the crank continues to rotate,

it imparts a continuously accelerated movement to the cam until the crank completes another quarter turn, as shown in Fig. 9. During this movement of the crank, the cam has described a semi-revolution in the reverse direction, the end of the chain extending to the left has been half unwound and the end of the chain extending to the right has been half wound, bringing the shuttle into an intermediate position. It will be understood that during this movement of the shuttle, its speed has constantly accelerated. As the crank continuesto rotate, it imparts a continuously retarded movement to the cam until the crank has completed its last quarter turn, as shown in Fig. 8. During this movement of the crank, the cam has completed its revolution in the reverse direction, the end of the chain extending to the left has been completely unwound, andthe end of the chain extending to the right has been Wound completely around the periphery of the cam, and the shuttle has moved to the extreme ri ght with a movement of gradual retardation. Thus two factors coperate to produce the variable travel of the nipper, which causes it, in its movement in either direction, to first speed up until it attains its maximum speed at or about the center of its traverse, and then to slow down until it reaches the end of its traverse.

By the provision of the described sets of coperating speed accelerating and retarding driving mechanisms, the desired variation in the speed of the nipper' may be effected by relatively simple driving means unlikely to get out of order in the severe usage of practical operation. It will be undei-stood, however, that the eccentric cam pulley adapted to wind and unwind the shuttle-actuating chain is alone capable of effecting a variation in the speed of the nipper that effects to a partial extent the result desired.

l/Vhile it is stated that the orifices in the cam through which the ends of the chain extend are located on or near the shortest radius of the cam, it will be understood that the chain may be made somewhat longer and actually secured to the cam at one side of the shortest radius, but such excess length will perform no function. lVhen, therefore, I speak of the point of attachment of the chain to the cam, I mean that, at the end of' its turning movement in either direction, the chain ends leading from the cam shall be substantially tangent to the periphery o'tl the cam at its shortest radius.

It has been mentioned that the chain extends over rollers l1 and LLL. These rollers, it will be observed, are each mounted on a lever pivoted aty a fixed point on the machine frame or floor and connected to a bracket 6l on the frame by means of a coil spring 62. These rollers thus tend to keep the chain taut, but are adapted to yield to take up strains on the chain due to the latters constant change in direction and speed of movement. It will also be observed, by reference to Fig. 5, that each of the projections 5l, 52, 53, has a substantially straight upper face and end faces converging upward and slightly convexed, the corners between the upper and end faces being slightly rounded or beveled. The orifices 54, 55, 56, are shaped to substantially itthe projections. This construction, it is found, permits the projections to readily engage with, and disengage from, their orifioes, but prevents any substantial rocking motion of the projections while engaged with their orifices; this rocking motion occurring in projections having a curved engaging face and resulting in excessive wear both of the projections and the shuttle orifices.

In Fig. l1 is shown a modified connection between the crank and the pinion 28 to take the place of the rack-bar 27. is a quadrant pivotally supported on the bracket 1G, said quad ant having a rack engaging the pinion 28. (3G is a link-bar connecting the crank 26 and the quadrant.

lVhile in the ei'nbodimcnt of the invention set forth the same is applied to a shuttle or nipper having a pair of jaws at each end, the invention is not limited in its application to that particular type of shuttle except where specifically claimed. For example, in Fig. 19. is shown a modification wherein the invention is applied to a shuttle or nipper having a pair of jaws at one end only. The only material respect in which the modification differs from the form shown in Figs l and 2 is that the gear driven by the gear 20 on the driving shaft is of the same diameter as the gear 20, and that the shuttle-driving chain is permanently secured to the nipper; the first mentioned change heilig occasioned by the fact that the shuttle makes one complete reciprocation for each beat of the lay forward and back, and the cam 39. should therefore make a complete oscillation in both directions during each complete rotation of the crank-shaft. The modification will now be briefly described. is the gear driven by the gear 20 on the shaft 17. The mechanism between the gear 70 and the eccentric cam pulley is thesame as the corresponding mechanism in the construction of Figs. 1 and 2 and the parts are therefore similarly lettered. 71 is the chain connecting the cam 32 and the shuttle or nipper stick 72, said chain engaging the guiding idler pulleys 73, 74, 75, 7G and 77, as shown. The chain, at or about midway between its ends, is secured to the side 7 8, which is secured to the nipper .stick and operates in a track in the overhanging end of the lay 12.

It will be understood that when the lay starts to beat forward, the empty shuttle starts on its movement from right to left and that as the lay completes its forward movement, the nipper jaws travel throughY the warp shed and grasp a pick of hair, that as the lay starts to beat back, the shuttle starts on its return movement, during which it inserts a pick of hair, and that the jaws pass beyond the warp shed as the lay completes its backward stroke. It will also be understood that, during both movements of the shuttle its speed is first accelerated and then retarded, as hereinbefore described.

I-Iaving now fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. In a loom, the combination with the pivoted lay, the shuttle race carried thereby, and a shuttle, of shuttle reciprocating means comprising a pulley, a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and adapted to be wound and unwound from the pulley in its oscillatory movement, the distance of the working face of the pulley from its axis gradually increasing between each end and the center of said working face and means to maintain substantially uniform the distance around the working face of the pulley plus the distance between the ends of the flexible connection and the feed-0E and feed-on points of the pulley, thereby maintaining a substantially uniform degree of tautness in the flexible connection.

2. In a loom, the combination with the pivoted lay, the shuttle race carried thereby, and a shuttle, of shuttle reciprocating means comprising a grooved pulley, a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and adapted to be wound and unwound from the pulley in its oscillatory movement, the distance of the working face of the pulley from its axis gradually increasing between each end and the center of said working face, means to maintain substantially uniform the distance around the working face of the pulley plus the distance between the ends of the flexible connection and the feed-olf and feed-on points of the pulley, and means to maintain substantially constant the direction o-f -extension of both reaches of the flexible connection adjacent to the pulley, thereby maintaining the flexible connection uniformly Vtaut and preventing its escape from the pulgradually increasing from each end of said working face toward the center thereof, ,Of guiding means for said flexible connection between the shuttle race and the driving pulley including two pulleys so located on opposite sides of the driving pulley .that a line tangential to the working faces of both said two guide pulleys intersects the radius, perpendicular to said line, of the driving pulley at a point between the maximum and minimum distance of the latters working face and its center of rotation, thereby avoiding any substantial variation in the tensio-n of the flexible connection at different points in the ro-tation of the driving pulley.

4. In a loom. the combination with the pivoted lay, the shuttle race carried thereby and a shuttle, of a driving pulley pivoted on the loom frame, means to oscillate the pulley, a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and adapted to be wound and unwound from the pulley in its oscillatory movement, the distance of the working face of the pulley from the center of rotation gradually increasing from each end of said working face toward the center thereof, guiding means for said flexible connection between the shuttle race and the driving pulley including two pulleys located on opposite sides of the driving pulley and mounted to rotate adjacent to the axis of the lay, thereby avoiding transmission to the driving pulley of the vibration imparted to the flexible connection by the lay.

5. In a loom, the combination with the pivoted lay, a shuttle, and shuttle reciproeating means comprising a driving pulley on an axis below the shuttle race and at an angle to the axis of the lay, means to oscillate the pulley, and a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and adapted to be wound and unwound from the pulley in its oscil.

comprising a flexible connection engaging the shuttle, a driving pulley having an ec centric working face to which one end of said flexible connection is secured, and an eccentric working face to which the other end of said flexible connection is secured, both ends being secured at points substantially corresponding to the shortest radii of said working faces and adapted to wind and unwind about said pulleys periphery in the latters oscillation, one of said ends being wound when the other is unwound and vice versa, and means to oscillate said pulley; of a pair of guide pulleys at opposite ends of the shuttle race, and a second pair of guide pulleys between the driving pulley and the first pair of guide pulleys, over which guide pulleys said flexible connection extends, the second pair of guide pulleys being so located on opposite sides of said pulley, that a line tangential to the working faces of both guide pulleys intersects the radius, perpendicular to said line of the driving pulley, at a point between the maximum and minimum distance of the working face of said driving pulley and the latters center of rotation.

7. In a loom, t-he combination with the pivoted lay, the shuttle race carried thereby, and a shuttle; of shuttle reciprocating means comprising a 'flexible connection engaging the shuttle, a driving pulley having an eccentric working face to which one end of' said flexible `connection is secured and an eccentric working face to which the other end of said flexible connection is secured, both ends being secured at points substantially corresponding to the shortest radii ot said working faces and adapted to wind and unwind about said pulleys periphery in the latters oscillation, one of said ends being wound while the other is unwound and vice versa, and'means to oscillate said pulley; said pulley being rotatable on the loom frame on an axis at an angle to the axis of the lay, a pair of guide pulleys pivoted on the lay at opposite ends of the shuttle race, and a pair of' guide pulleys pivoted on the lay adjacent to the latter-s axis, said flexible connection engaging said guide pulleys.

8. In a loom, the combination with a shuttle, of shuttle'reciprocating means comprising a pulley, having an eccentric working face, means to oscillate the pulley, a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and having its opposite ends secured to the pulley at points substantially corresponding to the shortest radius of said working face, and adapted in the oscillation ot the pulley to be wound and unwound about the pulleys periphery on respectively opposite sides of a plane intersecting the pulley transversely.

9. In a loom, the combination with a shuttle, of shuttle.reciprocating means comprising a pulley having two grooves, eccentric to the pulleys axis, in its periphery located on opposite sides of a plane intersecting the pulley transversely, a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and having its opposite ends engaging said grooves respectively and secured to the pulley at points substantially corresponding to the parts of the respective grooves nearest the center of rotation of the pulley, means to oscillate the pulley, said opposite ends being adapted to be wound and unwound about their respective grooves in the oscillation of the pulley.

10. In a loom, the combination with a shuttle, of shuttle reciprocating means comprising a flexible connection engaging the shuttle, an eccentric pulley grooved in its periphery, and means to oscillate the pulley, said flexible connection engaging the gr-ooved periphery of the pulley and adapted to be wound and unwound from a point thereon approximately nearest its center of rotation once around the pulley.

11. In a loom, the combination with the lay and its shuttle race, of a shuttle, an eccentric pulley, a flexible connection underrunning the shuttle race and engaging the shuttle and having its ends approaching said pulley from opposite directions and engaging said pulley at a point substantially corresponding to the shortest radius of the pulley, said flexible connection being of such length, and said pulley being so arranged, that when the shuttle and pulley are in substantially their medium positions, each end oit' said connections will extend substantially halt way around the periphery of the pulley, and means to impart to said pulley a series ot` substantially complete revolutions in alternately opposite directions.

l2. In a loom, the combination with the lay and its shuttle race, of a shuttle, an eccentric pulley, a flexible connection underrunning the shuttle race and engaging the shuttle and having its ends approaching said pulley from opposite directions and engaging said pulley at a point substantially corresponding to the shortest radius of the pulley, said flexible connection being of such length, and said pulley being so arranged, that when the shuttle and pulley are in substantially their medium positions, each end of said connections will extend substantially halt' way around the periphery of the pulley, the driving shaft, connections between the saine and the lay adapted to reciprocate the latter, a driven shaft, connections between the two shafts whereby the latter is rotated at about halt' the speed of the former, a crank on the driven shaft, a pinion on the pulley shaft, a rack engaging said pinion and connected with, and adapted to be reciprocated by, said crank, whereby said pulley is oscillated back and forth, and in one direction or the other, at every complete reciprocation of' the lay.

13. In a loom, the combination with the pivoted lay, the shuttle race carried thereby, and a shuttle; of shuttle reciprocating means comprising a pulley, having two grooves, eccentric to the pulleys axis, in its periphery located on opposite sides of a plane intersecting the pulley transversely, said grooves each extending once around the pulley, said pulley being rotatable on an axis at right angles to the axis of the lay, a flexible connection engaging the shuttle and having its opposite ends engaging said grooves respectively and secured to the pulley at points substantially corresponding to the parts of the respective grooves nearest the center of rotation of the pulley, and Ineans to oscillate the pulley, so as to impart to the pulley at each turn substantially one revolution; a pair of guide pulleys pivoted on the lay at opposite ends of the shuttle race, and a second pair of guide pulleys pivoted on the lay adjacent to the lays axis, said flexible connection extending over said guide pulleys and said driving pulley being so located that a line tangential to the Working faces of the second pair of guide pulleys intersects the radius, perpendicular to said line, of the driving pulley at a point between the maximum and minimum distance of the latters Working face and its center of rotation.

14. I'n a loom, the combination with a shuttle, of shuttle reciprocating means comprising anv eccentric pulley, means to oscillate the pulley, a flexible connection be roller and adjusted to permit the latter to vyield to take up strains due to the constant changes in position, direction and speed of said flexible connection.

15. In a loom, the combination with a shuttle, of shuttle reciproca-ting means comprising an eccentric pulley, means to oscillate the pulley, a flexibley connection between the shuttle and pulley, adapted to be-alter nately wound upon and unwound from the pulley in the latters oscillation, thereby causing the reach of the flexible connection extending from the pulley to vibrate and change its direction of extension, as well as its speed and direction of movement, at each oscillation of the pulley, \a roller engaging said reach of the iiexible connection, and a tension device acting upon said roller and adjusted to permit the latter to yield to take up strains due to the constant changes in position, direction and speed of said flexible connection.

In testimony of which invention, I have hereunto set my hand, at Philadelphia, on this 11th day of November, 1909.

GEORGE S. COX.

Witnesses:

M. M. HAMILTON, A. M. URIAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C. 

